REST_server_on_C/main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>

#define SERVER_PORT 12345
#define MAX_CONNECTIONS 1000

#define LOCK_FILE_PATH "/tmp/pid.lock"
#define m_string char*

/*
Client
    socket()
  ? bind()    ?
    connect()

    ----------------
    write()   | read()
    send()    | recv()
    sendto()  | recvfrom()
    writev()  | readv()
    sendmsg() | recvmsg()
    ----------------

    close()

Server
    socket()
    bind()
    listen()
    accept()

    ----------------
    write()   | read()
    send()    | recv()
    sendto()  | recvfrom()
    writev()  | readv()
    sendmsg() | recvmsg()
    ----------------

    close()
*/

typedef enum {
    eHTTP_UNKNOWN = 0,
    eHTTP_CONNECT,
    eHTTP_DELETE,
    eHTTP_GET,
    eHTTP_HEAD,
    eHTTP_OPTIONS,
    eHTTP_PATCH,
    eHTTP_POST,
    eHTTP_PUT,
    eHTTP_TRACE
} eHTTPMethod;

typedef struct {
    eHTTPMethod type;
    char path[255];
} sHTTPHeader;

typedef struct {
    struct strList *next;
    char *cont;
} strList;

typedef struct {
    void *access_semaphore;
    char login[256];
    char password[256];
    char bound_ip[64];
    char message[4096];
} dbElem;

typedef struct {
    int sockd;
    struct sockaddr_in client_sockaddr;
    int client_sockaddr_size;
} clientData;

// DAEMON BASE FUNCTIONS

// Starts server daemon, returns 1 on success, otherwise 0
void start_server();

// Stops server daemon, returns 1 on success, otherwise 0
void stop_server();

// Shows help and returns (is used if no parameter specified)
void show_help();

// Runs server event loop (called inside daemon)
void process_server();


// SERVER BASE FUNCTIONS

// Creates socket, binds it to defined port and makes ready to listen for connections.
int create_socket();

// Opens (and creates, if necessary) file for user data and maps it to pointer in shared mode via memory-mapping.
void *open_database();

// Creates worker subprocess for connection, which lives while connection is established and communicates with client.
// Returns worker pid to parent soon after creation (non-blocking communication).
int process_request(int client_d, struct sockaddr *addr, void *database);


// WORKER BASE FUNCTIONS

// Waits until user request, then returns path, client_ip and header information
void receive_request(m_string*path, m_string*client_ip, m_string*http_header);

// Checks if user ip is bound to any login in database. Returns username, if bound and nullptr - if not.
m_string check_user_authorisation(m_string client_ip);

// Tries to update user message. Returns 1, if successfull, or 0 - if not;
int update_user_message(m_string username, m_string msg);

void send_404_not_found(int sockd);

void send_401_not_authorised(int sockd);

void send_403_forbidden(int sockd);

void send_200_user_message(int sockd);

void send_error_invalid_message(int sockd);

// WORKER ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS

// Sends message
void send_message(int sockd, const m_string msg);

// Returns client address depending on ipv4/ipv6 protocol
void *get_client_addr(struct sockaddr *);

// Parses http request
void* handle_request(void* data);

void parse_http_request(const char *, sHTTPHeader *);

// ============================================================================================= //

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    if (argc < 2) {
        show_help();
        return 0;
    }
    if (strcmp(argv[1], "start") == 0) {
        start_server();
        return 0;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "stop") == 0) {
        stop_server();
        return 0;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[1], "help") == 0) {
        show_help();
        return 0;
    } else {
        show_help();
        return 0;
    }
}

void start_server() {
    FILE *lock_file = fopen(LOCK_FILE_PATH, "r");
    if (lock_file) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: seems like server is already running!\nStop it before starting the new one!\n");
        return;
    }

    pid_t pid = fork();

    if (pid == -1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot create server! (fork exited with error: %s)\n", strerror(errno));
        return;
    } else if (pid == 0) {
        process_server();
        return;
    } else {
        printf("Server started with pid = %d\n", pid);
        lock_file = fopen(LOCK_FILE_PATH, "w");
        fprintf(lock_file, "%d", pid);
        fclose(lock_file);
        return;
    }
}

void stop_server() {
    FILE *lock_file = fopen(LOCK_FILE_PATH, "r");
    if (!lock_file) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot stop server (no running server found)!\n");
        return;
    }

    int pid;
    if (fscanf(lock_file, "%d", &pid) != 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot stop server (pid read error)!\n");
        fclose(lock_file);
        return;
    }

    if (kill(pid, SIGTERM) != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Warning: server pid is incorrect, server might be already stopped (exited), but lock file still exists.\n");
    }

    fclose(lock_file);
    if (remove(LOCK_FILE_PATH) != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot remove server lock file (%s), but server was stopped...\n", LOCK_FILE_PATH);
    } else {
        printf("Server stopped successfully.\n");
    }
}

void show_help() {
    printf("Using: server <COMMAND>\n"
           "\n"
           "<COMMAND> values:\n"
           "start - starts server daemon, if there's no one already started.\n"
           "\n"
           "stop - stops running server daemon if there's one.\n"
           "\n"
           "help - shows this help.\n"
           "");
}

void * get_client_addr(struct sockaddr * sa) {
    if (sa -> sa_family == AF_INET) {
        return &(((struct sockaddr_in * ) sa) -> sin_addr);
    }

    return &(((struct sockaddr_in6 * ) sa) -> sin6_addr);
}

void process_server() {
    int sock = create_socket();

    if (sock < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Server: Error, cannot create socket!\n");
        return;
    }

    printf("Server: server created and listening on port %d.\n", SERVER_PORT);

    while (1) {
        clientData *data = malloc(sizeof(clientData)); // would be freed in thread after its finishing
        data->sockd = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &data->client_sockaddr, &data->client_sockaddr_size);

        pthread_t thread_id;
        pthread_attr_t attr;
        pthread_attr_init(&attr);

        printf("Server: got new connection, creating worker thread.\n");
        pthread_create(&thread_id, &attr, handle_request, data);
        printf("Server: created worker thread %d.\n", thread_id);
    }
}

int create_socket() {
    printf("Creating socket\n");
    int sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    int on = 1;
    setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on));

    /* initialize the server's sockaddr */
    struct sockaddr_in server_sockaddr;
    memset(&server_sockaddr, 0, sizeof(server_sockaddr));
    server_sockaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_sockaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    server_sockaddr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);

    printf("Binding socket %d to sockaddr %p with size %d\n", sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server_sockaddr, sizeof(server_sockaddr));
    int bind_result = bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server_sockaddr, sizeof(server_sockaddr));
    if (bind_result < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Server: Error: bind failed!");
        return -1;
    }

    listen(sock, MAX_CONNECTIONS);

    return sock;
}

void* handle_request(void* data) {

    clientData* client_data = data;

    char ip[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    inet_ntop(AF_INET, get_client_addr((struct sockaddr *) &client_data->client_sockaddr), ip, sizeof(ip));

    printf("Worker %d: Established connection with %s beginning work.\n", pthread_self(), ip);

    const int request_buffer_size = 65536;
    char request[request_buffer_size];

    int bytes_recvd = recv(client_data->sockd, request, request_buffer_size - 1, 0);

    if (bytes_recvd < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error recv: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        return NULL;
    }
    request[bytes_recvd] = '\0';

    printf("request:\n%s\n", request);

    sHTTPHeader req;
    parse_http_request(request, &req);

    if (req.type == eHTTP_GET) {
        send_message(client_data->sockd, "Hello! GET received...");
    } else if (req.type == eHTTP_POST) {
        send_message(client_data->sockd, "Hello! POST received...");
    } else {
        send_404_not_found(client_data->sockd);
    }

    close(client_data->sockd);
    printf("Worker %d: Finished.\n", pthread_self());
    return NULL;
}

void parse_http_request(const char *apstrRequest, sHTTPHeader *apHeader) {
    int type_length = 0;
    char type[255] = {0};
    int index = 0;

    apHeader->type = eHTTP_UNKNOWN;

    sscanf(&apstrRequest[index], "%s", type);

    type_length = strlen(type);
    if (!strcmp(type, "GET")) {
        apHeader->type = eHTTP_GET;
        index += type_length + 1;
        sscanf(&apstrRequest[index], "%s", apHeader->path);
    } else {
        if (!strcmp(type, "POST")) {
            apHeader->type = eHTTP_POST;
            char *pch = strstr(apstrRequest, "\r\n\r\n");
            pch += 4;
            strcpy(apHeader->path, pch);
        }
    }
}

void send_message(int aSock, const char *apstrMessage) {
    char buffer[65536] = {0};

    strcat(buffer, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\n");
    strcat(buffer, "<h1>");
    strcat(buffer, apstrMessage);
    strcat(buffer, "</h1>");

    int len = strlen(buffer);
    send(aSock, buffer, len, 0);
}

void send_404_not_found(int sockd) {
    const char *buffer = "HTTP/1.1 404 \n\n";
    int len = strlen(buffer);
    send(sockd, buffer, len, 0);
}


// server: got connection from 127.0.0.1
// request:
// GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
// Host: localhost:3490
// Connection: keep-alive
// Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
// User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Ubuntu Chromium/68.0.3440.75 Chrome/68.0.3440.75 Safari/537.36
// Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
// Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
// Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9,ru;q=0.8